is likened to being thrown into a fiery furnace and means suffering unimaginable sorrow, remorse, and pain. The pain is described as “weeping and gnashing of teeth” (Matt. 8:12; 13:42, 50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30). Moreover, it seems likely that this suffering is both emotional/spiritual and physical (involving bodily resurrection) (John 5:28–29). The author of Hebrews warns that hell is utterly fearful and dreadful (Heb. 10:27–31). James depicts graphically the suffering linked to future punishment